History

Uzbek martial art has deep roots in the traditions, sports, and martial practices of Central Asia. These arts evolved from folk games like Kurash, Kopkari, Tirandozlik, and Chavgon, which were integral to wedding ceremonies, mass celebrations, and physical education. Ancient scholars such as Mahmud al-Kashgari, Ibn Sina, and Alisher Navoi documented these practices, highlighting their physical and mental benefits.

During the reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids, martial arts flourished, with soldiers mastering techniques in hand-to-hand combat, horseback riding, and archery. Historical texts like the “Zafarnoma” and “Temur Tuzuklari” describe the martial skills of Temur’s warriors. Techniques like taqiya tushirar and Qarabtep were practiced for close combat and defense.

In modern times, Uzbek martial arts were officially recognized as a national sport on April 14, 2009, with the establishment of the Uzbek Martial Arts Federation. Honored Coach Polat Usmonov developed 27 exercises inspired by legendary figures like Amir Temur, Bobur Mirzo, and Pahlavon Mahmud. Today, Uzbek martial arts are practiced nationwide, with over 30,000 participants and significant international achievements, including victories at world martial arts championships.

Rules

Uzbek martial arts competitions and training are guided by rules emphasizing skill, discipline, and respect for tradition. Matches may involve hand-to-hand combat, weapon-based techniques, or traditional movements like Taqiya Tushirar and Qarabtep, where participants showcase their agility, strength, and decision-making. Competitors are grouped by age and skill level to ensure fair play, and points are awarded for clean strikes, successful holds, and effective counterattacks. Traditional weapons such as swords, daggers, and sticks are used in certain events, with modern protective gear incorporated for safety. Training is structured around 27 standardized exercises inspired by legendary Uzbek figures, focusing on physical conditioning, weapon mastery, and mental discipline. Judges evaluate performance based on precision, adherence to traditional techniques, and overall execution, while penalties are issued for unsafe conduct or rule violations. The integration of traditional Uzbek music and attire in performances reflects the sport’s cultural heritage, ensuring that it remains both a competitive and a celebratory practice.