History 

Qarabtep, formerly known as Lanka, is an ancient folk game played for centuries, particularly during Navruz festivities. Originating over 7000 years ago, the game is popular in Central Asia, China, the North Caucasus, Siberia, and Europe. Historical sources suggest that the game spread to China from East Turkestan through the Turkic peoples. The name "lanka" derives from the Iranian word "lang," meaning lame, as players mimic a limping motion by kicking an object without letting it touch the ground. Mahmud Qashgari documented the game in the 11th century, describing how a lead object was used. Despite challenges during the Soviet era, Qarabtep remains a beloved game in Uzbekistan, reflecting the nation's rich cultural heritage.

Rules

Qarabtep involves players kicking a small object, called Tepki, without letting it touch the ground. The game features two main styles: free and classical, each with distinct techniques. In the free style, players use different parts of their feet (inner, outer, and tips) to kick, aiming for a total of 200 kicks per step. The classical style involves more controlled movements, with each method executed 50 times per foot, totaling 100 kicks per step. The techniques include Ichtepki (inner foot kick), Yontepki (outer foot kick), Uchtepki (tip of the foot kick), Qayirma (inside foot kick without lifting), Chalishma (jumping up and down), O’rama (bouncing with a bent leg), and Burama (jumping with a bent leg and kicking). Commands such as "Tayyorlan" (Prepare), "Tep" (Kick), and "To’hta" (Stop) guide the players during the competition. The game emphasizes physical fitness and skill, making it a valuable cultural and athletic tradition.